Symmetrical versus asymmetrical arms racesĪrms races may be classified as either symmetrical or asymmetrical. It can even be displayed between humans and micro-organisms, where medical researchers make antibiotics, and micro-organisms keep making more resistant strains. Co-evolution is also interspecific by definition it excludes intraspecific (within species) arms races such as sexual conflict. This is the case with certain flowers' ultra-violet color patterns, whose function is to guide bees to the center of the flower and promote pollination. For example, mutualism may drive co-operative adaptations in a pair of species. Thierry Lodé emphasized the role of such antagonist interactions in evolution leading to character displacements and antagonist coevolution.Ĭo-evolution itself is not necessarily an arms race. One example of an evolutionary arms race is in sexual conflict between the sexes. Alternatively, the arms race may be between members of the same species, as in the manipulation/sales resistance model of communication (Dawkins & Krebs, 1979) or as in runaway evolution or Red Queen effects. The co-evolving gene sets may be in different species, as in an evolutionary arms race between a predator species and its prey (Vermeij, 1987), or a parasite and its host. In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an evolutionary struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes that develop adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling an arms race.
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